Which visual cortex cells are primarily sensitive to the length and orientation of visual stimuli?

The correct choice regarding which visual cortex cells are primarily sensitive to the length and orientation of visual stimuli is the category that includes simple and complex cells, while end-stopped (hypercomplex) cells also play a role but are particularly focused on stimuli with specific characteristics such as length or orientation parameters.

Simple cells have a clear preference for both the orientation and position of edges or bars in the visual field. They respond vigorously to specific orientations of light edges, making them fundamental in processing the visual information regarding the shape and orientation of stimuli.

Complex cells, on the other hand, are also orientation-sensitive but their responses are less dependent on the precise positioning of stimuli within their receptive fields. They respond to moving stimuli and are responsible for detecting patterns of motion and orientation across a larger area.

End-stopped (hypercomplex) cells extend this sensitivity further, as they respond to specific lengths of stimuli and also to the termination of edges. They are highly selective, being sensitive to both the orientation and the endpoint of lines, which helps in interpreting the shapes and contours of objects.

Thus, while end-stopped cells are specialized for detecting length and orientation, simple and complex cells also contribute significantly to these functions in the visual processing pathway. Recognizing that these cell types work in