Which type of cells in the visual cortex respond primarily to changes in motion?

Complex cells in the visual cortex are specifically tuned to detect motion and changes in the visual field. Unlike simple cells, which are more sensitive to static edges or bars of light in specific orientations, complex cells are responsive to stimuli that move in a particular direction. They integrate inputs from multiple simple cells, allowing them to respond to patterns of light and shadow that change over time, making them essential for perceiving motion.

This ability to respond to motion is crucial for various visual tasks, such as tracking moving objects or detecting fleeting visual changes in the environment. As a result, complex cells play a vital role in motion perception and are integral to how the brain processes dynamic visual information.