Which structure primarily facilitates the transport of ions during aqueous humor production?

The ciliary body is primarily responsible for the production of aqueous humor and plays a critical role in the transport of ions during this process. It contains specialized cells known as the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, which is involved in the secretion of aqueous humor into the posterior chamber of the eye.

The ciliary epithelium actively transports various ions, including sodium and bicarbonate, across its cell membranes. This transport creates an osmotic gradient that facilitates the movement of water into the aqueous humor, thereby contributing to its formation. The balance and concentration of ions in the aqueous humor are essential for maintaining intraocular pressure and providing nutrients to the avascular structures of the eye, such as the lens and cornea.

Other structures like the cornea, retina, and lens do not play a direct role in the transport of ions during aqueous humor production. The cornea is primarily involved in light refraction and has a role in protecting the inner structures of the eye. The retina is responsible for visual perception, and the lens focuses light onto the retina. While these structures are crucial for overall eye function and health, they do not participate actively in the ion transport mechanisms related to the production of aqueous humor.