What type of pupil is associated with reduced parasympathetic tone during sleep?

The type of pupil associated with reduced parasympathetic tone during sleep is the tonic pupil. Tonic pupils are often characterized by a larger size and slow reaction to light, which results from a relative denervation of parasympathetic fibers to the iris sphincter muscle. During sleep, there is generally decreased parasympathetic activity, leading to a lack of constriction response in the pupil.

In a tonic pupil, the result of this reduced parasympathetic tone can manifest as a dilated pupil that reacts poorly to light but may still respond to accommodation. This condition can be associated with the degeneration of the ciliary ganglion or its pathways. Mydriasis, or pupil dilation, is a direct result of the predominance of sympathetic tone or loss of parasympathetic influence, which fits the description of what occurs during sleep when parasympathetic stimulation is diminished.

In contrast, Adie's pupil and other types of pupils like the mydriatic pupil are associated with different mechanisms, such as holmes-adie syndrome, or pharmacological influences, and are not specifically linked to the state of parasympathetic activity during sleep. A normal pupil typically maintains normal responsiveness to light and accommodation, reflecting balanced autonomic